Chin Augmentation by Osteotomy
Posted on 05 November 2007 | Category: chin augmentation
CHIN ADVANCEMENT THROUGH OSTEOTOMIES: WATCH OUT FOR THE MENTAL NERVE
Using cross-sectional anatomic studies of the bony course of the inferior alveolar nerve,
significant insight to the execution of osteotomies of the mandibular symphysis (chin)
can be obtained. The relatively simple horizontal osteotomy of the anterior
mandible (chin) is a very versatile technique for multiple improvements in the shape and
projection of the chin and lower face. An integral part of this procedure is the horizontal
angulated cut, usually performed with a reciprocating saw, that goes below the easily
identified mental foramen. While some limited postoperative disruption of the nerve’s
sensory distribution (feeling) is to be expected due to the dissection, the incidence of
permanent numbness of the mental nerve is thought to be very low.
It is historically believed that the course of the inferior alveolar nerve comes directly
out of the mental foramen in a straight horizontal projection from its posterior course.
This is how it is depicted in most textbooks and anatomic drawings. However, its
neurosensory supply goes anterior to the 1st premolar tooth and this may account
for the anterior loop that has been discovered in anatomic studies. I have always assumed
this direct horizontal nerve exit and usually keep the bony cut only several millimeters
from the foramen. In this way, the pedicled inferior bone flap (chin segment) is as large
as possible, regardless of the angle of the bony cut. A detailed anatomic study shows
that this technical approach, however, may expose some nerve branches to irreversible
injury. I have now modify my technique accordingly with a minimum of 4 to 5 mms
below the foramen when performing this cut. This should avoid any potential for
permanent numbness of the lip or chin and still leaves an adequate amount of bone for
plate and screw fixation.
Dr Barry Eppley
www.eppleyplasticsurgery.com
www.ologyspa.com
Clarian North Medical Center, Carmel, Indiana
Clarian West Medical Center, Avon, Indiana
Indianapolis