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The Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Supernumerary Nipples

The nipples on the female or male chest are well recognized but their embryologic origin is not. They develop from outgrowths along the congenital vertical milk lines which extend from the armpit down into the groin. The post birth nipples and their ultimately developing breast tissue emerge into their recognized position on the chest wall Read More…

The Healing of Brow Bone Reduction Flaps

Brow bone reduction surgery is a common forehead reshaping procedure in my practice and is done for three specific indications. Men that have very prominent ‘Neanderthal’ brow bones seek it to make their facial appearance less strong. Male to female patients have it done to create a gender appearance transition. Lastly patients that have a Read More…

The Anatomy of the Mentalis Muscle in Chin Surgery

The mentalis muscle is the dominant muscle of the chin. It runs vertically from under the lip down across the bottom of the chin into the anterior neck region. It is almost always visualized and illustrated as a single sheet of muscle that covers the entire chin area. Its action is to contract the soft Read More…

Comparison of Round vs Oval Buttock Implants

When fat injections are not an option for buttock augmentation, or have not been successful, implants are the sole remaining treatment option. When choosing buttock implants there are three fundamental decisions a patient has to make, implant size, implant shape (style) and tissue pocket location. While pocket location and implant size have a somewhat fixed Read More…

Plastic Surgery Case Study – Extreme Custom Jawline Implant Replacement

Background: Custom jawline implants are the most powerful augmentation method of the lower third of the face. By increasing the outer contours of the lower jaw throughout its entire length, the continuous surface area coverage can have a powerful effect. Unlike standard implants which are often viewed in one dimension (e.g., chin implants and their Read More…

Plastic Surgery Case Study – Earlobe Feminization

Background: While everyone has an earlobe its shape is highly variable. Earlobe shapes vary significantly and are influenced by gender, age and overall ear sizes. While earlobe reshaping can be done by itself, it most frequently becomes part of an otoplasty ear reshaping. Ears that stick out frequently have earlobes that do also which can Read More…

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