Cotinine Test for Smoking Cessation Prior to Plastic Surgery
With over 45 million reported smokers, it is no surprise that many patients who undergo plastic surgery are smokers. The adverse effects of smoking are well known with tobacco smoke containing about 5,000 different chemicals with 250 toxins including nicotine and carbon monoxide. Nicotine causes vasoconstriction and an increase in thrombotic occlusion. Carbon monoxide has Read More…
