Category: facial masculinization surgery | skull reshaping | temporal augmentation | temporal implants

Facial Masculinization Surgery – Upper Third Reshaping – Temporal Augmentation and Skull Reshaping

Temporal Augmentation While the natural shape of the temples is slightly concave in both genders, females tend to have increased temporal concavities. Temporal concavities or hollowing are measured by making a straight line from the lateral bony temporal line of the forehead down to the zygomatic arch. The depth of the temporal skin below this Read More…

Facial Feminization Surgery – Upper Third Reshaping – IV. Skull Reshaping

While the forehead has some prominent gender differences, the shape of the rest of the skull is less significant in that regard. But differences do exist and the general trend is that male head shapes are larger and broader while female head shapes are a little smaller and more round. The camouflage of hair can Read More…

Plastic Surgery Case Study – Back of Head Prominence Skull Reduction

Background: The skull has five surfaces or shapes which are open to aesthetic assessment. One of the most prominent in the male with a shaved head or closely cropped hair is the back of the head or the occipital skull. Often called the occiput or the occipital skull, technically this is not completely accurate when Read More…

Bone Cements in Aesthetic Face and Skull Augmentations

Augmenting facial and skull bones can be done by a variety of alloplastic materials. These biomaterials separate into two basic categories, preformed implants (e.g., solid silicone, Medpor, ePTFE) and bone cements. For both the face and the skull the vast majority of aesthetic augmentations are done by preformed implants whose value has become enhanced by Read More…

Plastic Surgery Case Study – Occipital Knob and Superior Nuchal Line (Eagle Wing) Reduction with Upper Augmentation for Total Occipital Skull Reshaping

Background: The occipital knob is a well recognized skull deformity with a central protrusion of bone at the bottom of the skull where the neck muscles attach. The knob is now by a variety of names such as inion or external occipital prominence. Like many common bony protrusions all over the craniofacial skeleton it has Read More…

The Surgical Technique for Mastoid Process Skull Reduction

The skull has many normal raised areas particularly around its lower base. One of these is the mastoid process which is located behind the ear. The derivation of the mastoid name comes from the Greek word for breast with refers to its shape. This conical bony process is on the lower end of the temporal Read More…

The Anatomy of the Occipital Knob Skull Deformity

Occipital knob skull reduction is an aesthetic head reshaping procedure that removes a prominent inion. The inion is the small knob of bone that exists in everyone at the bottom of the occipital bone in the center to which the superficial neck muscle fibers attach. In some people, more commonly men, this knob of bone Read More…

Custom Skull Implant Designs for Aesthetic Head Reshaping and the Golden Ratio

The Golden Ratio is a well known mathematical concept that has long been described as an essential component of beauty in nature. It is a controversial concept in terms of whether it truly exists in whatever one is studying whether it is anatomy or architecture. The Golden Ratio concept has been recently applied to the Read More…

Custom Skull and Facial Implants in Commercial Deep Divers

Custom facial and skull implants provide broad surface bone and soft tissue coverage with implant designs that can not be achieved with standard preformed implants. This almost always means the implant covers a larger surface area than standard implants, not necessarily that it is thicker although it may be. Because these custom implants are bigger, Read More…

Plastic Surgery Case Study – A Two-Layer Custom Skull Implant Design for Occipital Augmentation

Background: The most effective method of aesthetic skull augmentation is a custom implant approach. By preoperative design using the patient’s 3D CT scan, a smooth surfaced implant with the desired surface area coverage can be made. The most difficult decision in the design of a custom skull implant is its volume. How big should the Read More…