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Background: Forehead asymmetry can either consist of an excess or a deficiency on one side. While most commonly seen in congenital plagiocephaly a twist of the forehead for whatever reason during development makes one side different from the other. Forehead asymmetries often affect the entire side of the forehead most prominently along the bony temporal Read More…

Surgery of the jaw angle is approached intraorally from the posterior mandibular vestibular incision. From sagittal split osteotomies to angle fractures to aesthetic jaw angle implants this incision provides the most direct access to this bony facial region. It is placed in the depth of the vestibule opposite the second/third molar teeth. Once passing through Read More…

Surgical treatment of the downturned corner of the mouth has historically been associated with two common themes. First it is a procedure by history that has been largely done in age-related drooping mouth corners. (older patients) Two, it is a laterally-based procedure that lives visible scars with a high rate of adverse scarring. Both trends Read More…

The chin implant is often perceived as a simple procedure with a high success rate. It is often a secondary procedure as a complement to a primary procedure, most notably rhinoplasty surgery. Placing an implant on a solitary projecting edge through incisional approaches that do not require trespassing through complex anatomy can make an aesthetic Read More…

The earlobe is a unique part of the ear in having no structural cartilaginous support. It is composed of skin and fat soft tissue only. As a result it is subject to a variety of deforming forces which can change the shape that it had earlier in life. One of these potential deformations is lengthening Read More…

Pectoral implants, although far less commonly done than breast implants, share some similarities with its more well known female counterpart. The implant pocket location is almost the same (submuscular) and the location of the incision is one that is often used in breast implants as well. (transaxillary) But beyond these two similarities the male and Read More…

The pelvis is large collection of conjoined bones that provides soft tissue support between the abdomen and the thighs. It extends from the lower back by the sacrum and coccyx and extends forward on both sides by a pair of hip bones. These hip bones have three sections to them which include the top (ilium), Read More…

Aesthetic brow bone augmentation and even brow bone contour reconstruction is almost always best done with a custom implant approach. Using the patient’s 3D CT scan the precise shape and projection of the brow bones can be preoperatively designed. This is a far superior approach to creating the complex topographic anatomy of the brow bones Read More…

In the new textbook OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY I wrote a chapter on skull reconstruction entitled ‘Three- Dimensional Implant Reconstruction of the Cranial Vault’. In this chapter I describe my experience of over 25 years of designing and placing computer-generated skull implants for a wide variety of  defects. The use of a computer design Read More…